天(Tian)线(Xian)和(He)GPS接(Jie)收(Shou)机(Ji)中(Zhong)的(De)LNA元(Yuan)件(Jian),(?)对(Dui)接(Jie)收(Shou)机(Ji)最(Zui)终(Zhong)可(Ke)用(Yong)灵(Ling)敏(Min)度(Du)至(Zhi)关(Guan)重(Zhong)要(Yao)。(?)在(Zai)没(Mei)有(You)暗(An)室(Shi)和(He)专(Zhuan)用(Yong)设(She)备(Bei)的(De)情(Qing)况(Kuang)下(Xia),(?)很(Hen)难(Nan)对(Dui)每(Mei)个(Ge)天(Tian)线(Xian)进(Jin)行(Xing)绝(Jue)对(Dui)测(Ce)量(Liang),(?)但(Dan)是(Shi)有(You)一(Yi)种(Zhong)简(Jian)单(Dan)的(De)方(Fang)法(Fa)来(Lai)进(Jin)行(Xing)比(Bi)较(Jiao)评(Ping)估(Gu)。(?) C/No是(Shi)绝(Jue)对(Dui)指(Zhi)标(Biao),(?)主(Zhu)要(Yao)是(Shi)天(Tian)线(Xian)加(Jia)前(Qian)端(Duan)性(Xing)能(Neng)。(?) C/No是(Shi)1Hz带(Dai)宽(Kuan)中(Zhong)载(Zai)波(Bo)功(Gong)率(Lu)与(Yu)混(Hun)合(He)信(Xin)号(Hao)的(De)噪(Zao)声(Sheng)功(Gong)率(Lu)的(De)比(Bi)率(Lu)。(?)该(Gai)比(Bi)率(Lu)定(Ding)义(Yi)了(Liao)GPS接(Jie)收(Shou)机(Ji)的(De)灵(Ling)敏(Min)度(Du)限(Xian)制(Zhi)。(?)无(Wu)任(Ren)什(Shi)么(Me)原(Yuan)因(Yin)C/No值(Zhi)降(Jiang)低(Di),(?)即(Ji)带(Dai)宽(Kuan)限(Xian)制(Zhi)或(Huo)LNA噪(Zao)声(Sheng)数(Shu)值(Zhi)增(Zeng)加(Jia),(?)GNSS灵(Ling)敏(Min)度(Du)将(Jiang)相(Xiang)应(Ying)减(Jian)少(Shao)。(?)一(Yi)旦(Dan)受(Shou)阻(Zu),(?)没(Mei)有(You)办(Ban)法(Fa)恢(Hui)复(Fu)C/No。(?)即(Ji)使(Shi)额(E)外(Wai)增(Zeng)益(Yi)也(Ye)不(Bu)管(Guan)用(Yong),(?)因(Yin)为(Wei)C和(He)No被(Bei)同(Tong)样(Yang)放(Fang)大(Da),(?)因(Yin)此(Ci)不(Bu)起(Qi)作(Zuo)用(Yong)。(?) C/No测(Ce)试(Shi)就(Jiu)像(Xiang)天(Tian)线(Xian)+前(Qian)端(Duan)LNA性(Xing)能(Neng)的(De)“药(Yao)物(Wu)测(Ce)试(Shi)”,(?)不(Bu)可(Ke)忽(Hu)悠(You)!(?)比(Bi)较(Jiao)天(Tian)线(Xian)性(Xing)能(Neng)((?)以(Yi)优(You)势(Shi)评(Ping)判(Pan))(?)的(De)简(Jian)单(Dan)方(Fang)法(Fa)是(Shi)比(Bi)较(Jiao)标(Biao)准(Zhun)NMEA $ GPGSV导(Dao)航(Hang)电(Dian)文(Wen)中(Zhong)特(Te)定(Ding)卫(Wei)星(Xing)的(De)C/No值(Zhi)。(?)该(Gai)导(Dao)航(Hang)电(Dian)文(Wen)报(Bao)告(Gao)每(Mei)个(Ge)可(Ke)视(Shi)卫(Wei)星(Xing)的(De)C/No值(Zhi),(?)由(You)接(Jie)收(Shou)机(Ji)解(Jie)调(Diao)器(Qi)解(Jie)算(Suan)。(?)大(Da)多(Duo)数(Shu)GNSS芯(Xin)片(Pian)制(Zhi)造(Zao)商(Shang)提(Ti)供(Gong)PC实(Shi)用(Yong)程(Cheng)序(Xu)来(Lai)显(Xian)示(Shi)每(Mei)个(Ge)被(Bei)跟(Gen)踪(Zong)卫(Wei)星(Xing)的(De)C/No值(Zhi),(?)通(Tong)常(Chang)以(Yi)条(Tiao)形(Xing)图(Tu)表(Biao)示(Shi)。(?)这(Zhe)通(Tong)常(Chang)需(Xu)要(Yao)实(Shi)用(Yong)程(Cheng)序(Xu)用(Yong)$ GPGSV NMEA命(Ming)令(Ling)输(Shu)出(Chu)信(Xin)息(Xi)。(?)
测(Ce)试(Shi)方(Fang)法(Fa)
一(Yi)般(Ban)来(Lai)说(Shuo)是(Shi)在(Zai)单(Dan)个(Ge)接(Jie)收(Shou)机(Ji)上(Shang)简(Jian)单(Dan)地(Di)安(An)装(Zhuang)要(Yao)进(Jin)行(Xing)比(Bi)较(Jiao)的(De)天(Tian)线(Xian),(?)并(Bing)且(Qie)比(Bi)较(Jiao)最(Zui)佳(Jia)的(De)两(Liang)个(Ge)或(Huo)三(San)个(Ge)卫(Wei)星(Xing)的(De)C / No的(De)报(Bao)告(Gao)值(Zhi)。(?)卫(Wei)星(Xing)星(Xing)座(Zuo)在(Zai)几(Ji)分(Fen)钟(Zhong)的(De)过(Guo)程(Cheng)中(Zhong)会(Hui)改(Gai)变(Bian),(?)报(Bao)告(Gao)值(Zhi)将(Jiang)由(You)于(Yu)星(Xing)座(Zuo)变(Bian)化(Hua)而(?)变(Bian)化(Hua),(?)并(Bing)且(Qie)由(You)于(Yu)天(Tian)线(Xian)不(Bu)同(Tong)而(?)不(Bu)同(Tong)。(?)重(Zhong)要(Yao)的(De)是(Shi):(?)a)(?)报(Bao)告(Gao)值(Zhi)与(Yu)特(Te)定(Ding)卫(Wei)星(Xing)相(Xiang)关(Guan),(?)b)(?)序(Xu)列(Lie)快(Kuai)速(Su),(?)以(Yi)及(Ji)c)(?)重(Zhong)复(Fu)测(Ce)量(Liang)几(Ji)次(Ci)。(?)最(Zui)简(Jian)单(Dan)的(De)情(Qing)况(Kuang)是(Shi)GPS L1。(?)由(You)于(Yu)GPS L1信(Xin)号(Hao)相(Xiang)对(Dui)较(Jiao)窄(Zhai),(?)天(Tian)线(Xian)评(Ping)估(Gu)简(Jian)化(Hua)为(Wei)几(Ji)个(Ge)最(Zui)佳(Jia)GPS卫(Wei)星(Xing)C/No平(Ping)均(Jun)值(Zhi)的(De)比(Bi)较(Jiao)。(?)对(Dui)于(Yu)多(Duo)星(Xing)座(Zuo)/多(Duo)频(Pin)天(Tian)线(Xian),(?)情(Qing)况(Kuang)稍(Shao)微(Wei)复(Fu)杂(Za)一(Yi)些(Xie),(?)因(Yin)为(Wei)测(Ce)量(Liang)必(Bi)须(Xu)包(Bao)括(Kuo)多(Duo)卫(Wei)星(Xing)星(Xing)座(Zuo)和(He)多(Duo)信(Xin)号(Hao)。(?)这(Zhe)可(Ke)以(Yi)通(Tong)过(Guo)“眼(Yan)球(Qiu)”观(Guan)察(Cha)C/No的(De)条(Tiao)形(Xing)图(Tu)值(Zhi)来(Lai)完(Wan)成(Cheng),(?)但(Dan)更(Geng)好(Hao)的(De)方(Fang)法(Fa)是(Shi)使(Shi)用(Yong)记(Ji)录(Lu)终(Zhong)端(Duan)软(Ruan)件(Jian)捕(Bu)获(Huo)NMEA输(Shu)出(Chu)。(?)
GNSS接(Jie)收(Shou)机(Ji)和(He)要(Yao)评(Ping)估(Gu)的(De)天(Tian)线(Xian)应(Ying)当(Dang)布(Bu)置(Zhi)成(Cheng):(?)a)(?)测(Ce)试(Shi)天(Tian)线(Xian)必(Bi)须(Xu)清(Qing)楚(Chu)地(Di)看(Kan)到(Dao)整(Zheng)个(Ge)天(Tian)空(Kong),(?)具(Ju)有(You)相(Xiang)对(Dui)低(Di)的(De)天(Tian)际(Ji)线(Xian)b)(?)接(Jie)收(Shou)机(Ji)被(Bei)设(She)置(Zhi)为(Wei)输(Shu)出(Chu)NMEA $ GPGSV导(Dao)航(Hang)电(Dian)文(Wen)((?)GLONASS为(Wei)$ GLGSV,(?)Galileo为(Wei)$ GAGSV,(?)BeiDou为(Wei)$ GBGSV)(?),(?)c)(?)接(Jie)收(Shou)机(Ji)的(De)串(Chuan)口(Kou)连(Lian)接(Jie)到(Dao)运(Yun)行(Xing)C/No条(Tiao)形(Xing)图(Tu)实(Shi)用(Yong)程(Cheng)序(Xu)的(De)计(Ji)算(Suan)机(Ji)((?)用(Yong)于(Yu)目(Mu)视(Shi)检(Jian)查(Cha))(?)或(Huo)具(Ju)有(You)日(Ri)志(Zhi)记(Ji)录(Lu)的(De)终(Zhong)端(Duan)实(Shi)用(Yong)程(Cheng)序(Xu)((?)Hyperterm)(?),(?)d)(?)每(Mei)个(Ge)天(Tian)线(Xian)放(Fang)置(Zhi)在(Zai)临(Lin)近(Jin)相(Xiang)同(Tong)的(De)接(Jie)地(Di)平(Ping)面(Mian)((?)100mm,(?)圆(Yuan)形(Xing)或(Huo)正(Zheng)方(Fang)形(Xing)是(Shi)理(Li)想(Xiang)的(De))(?)上(Shang),(?)e)(?)被(Bei)测(Ce)天(Tian)线(Xian)彼(Bi)此(Ci)相(Xiang)隔(Ge)不(Bu)要(Yao)小(Xiao)于(Yu)0.5米(Mi)((?)以(Yi)确(Que)保(Bao)没(Mei)有(You)耦(Ou)合(He))(?),(?)以(Yi)及(Ji)f)(?)可(Ke)能(Neng)在(Zai)接(Jie)收(Shou)机(Ji)处(Chu)非(Fei)常(Chang)快(Kuai)速(Su)地(Di)切(Qie)换(Huan)天(Tian)线(Xian)。(?)
该(Gai)方(Fang)法(Fa)是(Shi)将(Jiang)按(An)理(Li)想(Xiang)顺(Shun)序(Xu)连(Lian)接(Jie)每(Mei)条(Tiao)天(Tian)线(Xian)不(Bu)超(Chao)过(Guo)30秒(Miao),(?)并(Bing)在(Zai)该(Gai)时(Shi)间(Jian)期(Qi)间(Jian)记(Ji)录(Lu)NMEA数(Shu)据(Ju)流(Liu)。(?)天(Tian)线(Xian)更(Geng)换(Huan)应(Ying)该(Gai)光(Guang)滑(Hua),(?)以(Yi)便(Bian)接(Jie)收(Shou)机(Ji)快(Kuai)速(Su)重(Zhong)新(Xin)获(Huo)取(Qu)。(?)终(Zhong)端(Duan)实(Shi)用(Yong)程(Cheng)序(Xu)可(Ke)以(Yi)快(Kuai)速(Su)记(Ji)录(Lu)NMEA输(Shu)出(Chu)数(Shu)据(Ju)。(?)每(Mei)条(Tiao)NMEA $ GxGSV导(Dao)航(Hang)电(Dian)文(Wen)报(Bao)告(Gao)天(Tian)线(Xian)在(Zai)最(Zui)多(Duo)4个(Ge)可(Ke)视(Shi)卫(Wei)星(Xing)的(De)C/No视(Shi)图(Tu)((?)参(Can)见(Jian)下(Xia)面(Mian)关(Guan)于(Yu)NMEA语(Yu)句(Ju)信(Xin)息(Xi)范(Fan)例(Li))(?)。(?)最(Zui)佳(Jia)报(Bao)告(Gao)参(Can)数(Shu)是(Shi)高(Gao)于(Yu)48dB的(De)特(Te)定(Ding)卫(Wei)星(Xing)的(De)数(Shu)值(Zhi)。(?)具(Ju)有(You)低(Di)C/No值(Zhi)的(De)卫(Wei)星(Xing)不(Bu)能(Neng)用(Yong)于(Yu)比(Bi)较(Jiao),(?)因(Yin)为(Wei)低(Di)信(Xin)号(Hao)电(Dian)平(Ping)掩(Yan)盖(Gai)天(Tian)线(Xian)性(Xing)能(Neng)。(?)快(Kuai)速(Su)重(Zhong)复(Fu)测(Ce)量(Liang)有(You)助(Zhu)于(Yu)克(Ke)服(Fu)报(Bao)告(Gao)值(Zhi)的(De)变(Bian)异(Yi)性(Xing)并(Bing)适(Shi)应(Ying)卫(Wei)星(Xing)星(Xing)座(Zuo)的(De)连(Lian)续(Xu)变(Bian)化(Hua)。(?)记(Ji)录(Lu)数(Shu)据(Ju)方(Fang)便(Bian)以(Yi)后(Hou)进(Jin)行(Xing)文(Wen)字(Zi)整(Zheng)理(Li)工(Gong)作(Zuo)。(?)
NMEA $ GPGSV导(Dao)航(Hang)电(Dian)文(Wen)格(Ge)式(Shi)
$ GPGSV导(Dao)航(Hang)电(Dian)文(Wen)提(Ti)供(Gong)了(Liao)关(Guan)于(Yu)跟(Gen)踪(Zong)卫(Wei)星(Xing)的(De)详(Xiang)细(Xi)信(Xin)息(Xi)。(?)
$ GPGSV,(?)x,(?)x,(?)xx,(?)xx,(?)xx,(?)xxx,(?)xx,(?)................xx,(?)xx,(?)xxx,(?)xx * hh
GS =可(Ke)视(Shi)SV((?)卫(Wei)星(Xing))(?)数(Shu),(?)PRN号(Hao),(?)仰(Yang)角(Jiao),(?)方(Fang)位(Wei)角(Jiao)和(He)SNR值(Zhi)。(?)
$ GPGSV,(?)3,1,11,03,12,174,(?),(?)06,20,159,(?)13,14,315,(?)14,02,139,(?)* 7C
1 =此(Ci)周(Zhou)期(Qi)中(Zhong)此(Ci)类(Lei)型(Xing)的(De)电(Dian)文(Wen)总(Zong)数(Shu)
2 =电(Dian)文(Wen)数(Shu)
3 =可(Ke)视(Shi)SV((?)卫(Wei)星(Xing))(?)总(Zong)数(Shu)
4 =((?)第(Di)一(Yi)颗(Ke))(?)卫(Wei)星(Xing)PRN号(Hao)
5 =以(Yi)度(Du)为(Wei)单(Dan)位(Wei)的(De)仰(Yang)角(Jiao),(?)最(Zui)大(Da)值(Zhi)为(Wei)90°
6 =与(Yu)真(Zhen)北(Bei)的(De)方(Fang)位(Wei)角(Jiao),(?)000°到(Dao)359°,(?)
7 = SNR((?)信(Xin)噪(Zao)比(Bi))(?),(?)00-99 dB((?)不(Bu)跟(Gen)踪(Zong)时(Shi)为(Wei)零(Ling))(?)
8-11 =第(Di)二(?)颗(Ke)SV((?)卫(Wei)星(Xing))(?)的(De)信(Xin)息(Xi),(?)与(Yu)字(Zi)段(Duan)4-7相(Xiang)同(Tong),(?)
12-15 =第(Di)三(San)颗(Ke)SV((?)卫(Wei)星(Xing))(?)的(De)信(Xin)息(Xi),(?)与(Yu)字(Zi)段(Duan)4-7相(Xiang)同(Tong),(?)
16-19 =有(You)关(Guan)第(Di)四(Si)颗(Ke)SV((?)卫(Wei)星(Xing))(?)的(De)信(Xin)息(Xi),(?)与(Yu)字(Zi)段(Duan)4-7相(Xiang)同(Tong)
20 =校(Xiao)验(Yan)和(He)
结(Jie)果(Guo)解(Jie)读(Du)
对(Dui)于(Yu)多(Duo)星(Xing)座(Zuo)接(Jie)收(Shou)机(Ji),(?)C/No对(Dui)GLONASS,(?)Galileo和(He)BeiDou具(Ju)有(You)与(Yu)GPS L1卫(Wei)星(Xing)相(Xiang)同(Tong)的(De)意(Yi)义(Yi),(?)并(Bing)且(Qie)应(Ying)当(Dang)将(Jiang)比(Bi)较(Jiao)GPS-L1与(Yu)GPS-L1,(?)GLONASS与(Yu)GLONASS,(?)Galileo与(Yu)Galileo,(?)和(He)北(Bei)斗(Dou)与(Yu)北(Bei)斗(Dou)特(Te)定(Ding)卫(Wei)星(Xing)。(?)更(Geng)好(Hao)的(De)C/No值(Zhi)减(Jian)少(Shao)了(Liao)GNSS丢(Diu)星(Xing)、(?)更(Geng)好(Hao)的(De)捕(Bu)获(Huo)和(He)更(Geng)好(Hao)的(De)整(Zheng)体(Ti)准(Zhun)确(Que)度(Du),(?)因(Yin)为(Wei)GNSS水(Shui)平(Ping)精(Jing)度(Du)((?)HDOP)(?)值(Zhi)变(Bian)小(Xiao)了(Liao)。(?)以(Yi)下(Xia)给(Gei)出(Chu)一(Yi)些(Xie)预(Yu)期(Qi)值(Zhi),(?)54dB是(Shi)惊(Jing)人(Ren)的(De),(?)53dB是(Shi)优(You)秀(Xiu)的(De),(?)52dB是(Shi)好(Hao)的(De),(?)49/50dB是(Shi)“((?)不(Bu)理(Li)想(Xiang))(?)可(Ke)接(Jie)受(Shou)的(De)”。(?)这(Zhe)些(Xie)是(Shi)数(Shu)值(Zhi)的(De)小(Xiao)差(Cha)异(Yi);降(Jiang)3dB天(Tian)线(Xian)差(Cha)一(Yi)半(Ban)。(?)罕(Han)有(You),(?)但(Dan)是(Shi)可(Ke)能(Neng)遇(Yu)到(Dao)报(Bao)告(Gao)的(De)所(Suo)有(You)C/No值(Zhi)都(Du)低(Di)于(Yu)48dB的(De)情(Qing)况(Kuang),(?)在(Zai)这(Zhe)种(Zhong)情(Qing)况(Kuang)下(Xia),(?)等(Deng)待(Dai)一(Yi)个(Ge)小(Xiao)时(Shi)左(Zuo)右(You)星(Xing)座(Zuo)改(Gai)变(Bian)可(Ke)能(Neng)更(Geng)好(Hao)。(?)启(Qi)动(Dong)时(Shi)捕(Bu)获(Huo)GNSS信(Xin)号(Hao)在(Zai)-143dBm的(De)区(Qu)域(Yu),(?)由(You)于(Yu)信(Xin)号(Hao)易(Yi)受(Shou)破(Po)坏(Huai)性(Xing)干(Gan)扰(Rao)和(He)树(Shu)冠(Guan)衰(Shuai)减(Jian)等(Deng)因(Yin)素(Su)的(De)影(Ying)响(Xiang),(?)卫(Wei)星(Xing)C/No值(Zhi)相(Xiang)对(Dui)容(Rong)易(Yi)下(Xia)降(Jiang)到(Dao)捕(Bu)获(Huo)阈(Yu)值(Zhi)以(Yi)下(Xia),(?)因(Yin)此(Ci)天(Tian)线(Xian)越(Yue)好(Hao),(?)这(Zhe)种(Zhong)情(Qing)形(Xing)越(Yue)少(Shao)发(Fa)生(Sheng),(?)当(Dang)然(Ran),(?)更(Geng)好(Hao)的(De)GNSS接(Jie)收(Shou)机(Ji)将(Jiang)跟(Gen)踪(Zong)低(Di)电(Dian)平(Ping)信(Xin)号(Hao)。(?) 在(Zai)消(Xiao)费(Fei)产(Chan)品(Pin)中(Zhong),(?)偶(Ou)尔(?)的(De)瞬(Shun)时(Shi)GNSS丢(Diu)失(Shi)可(Ke)能(Neng)是(Shi)可(Ke)以(Yi)接(Jie)受(Shou)的(De)。(?)这(Zhe)种(Zhong)情(Qing)况(Kuang),(?)如(Ru)果(Guo)低(Di)成(Cheng)本(Ben)亚(Ya)洲(Zhou)天(Tian)线(Xian)的(De)消(Xiao)费(Fei)观(Guan)是(Shi)可(Ke)以(Yi)接(Jie)受(Shou)的(De),(?)选(Xuan)择(Ze)是(Shi)平(Ping)常(Chang)的(De)。(?)如(Ru)果(Guo)要(Yao)求(Qiu)连(Lian)续(Xu)可(Ke)用(Yong)性(Xing),(?)则(Ze)将(Jiang)在(Zai)良(Liang)好(Hao)的(De)天(Tian)线(Xian)和(He)优(You)秀(Xiu)的(De)天(Tian)线(Xian)之(Zhi)间(Jian)选(Xuan)择(Ze),(?)并(Bing)且(Qie)从(Cong)比(Bi)较(Jiao)评(Ping)估(Gu)竞(Jing)争(Zheng)者(Zhe)的(De)C/No开(Kai)始(Shi)。(?) 对(Dui)于(Yu)精(Jing)确(Que)的(De)GNSS应(Ying)用(Yong),(?)唯(Wei)一(Yi)的(De)选(Xuan)择(Ze)是(Shi)高(Gao)质(Zhi)量(Liang)的(De)双(Shuang)馈(Kui)天(Tian)线(Xian),(?)另(Ling)一(Yi)个(Ge)考(Kao)虑(Lu)因(Yin)素(Su)是(Shi)天(Tian)线(Xian)通(Tong)常(Chang)是(Shi)更(Geng)大(Da)系(Xi)统(Tong)非(Fei)常(Chang)明(Ming)显(Xian)的(De)一(Yi)部(Bu)分(Fen),(?)并(Bing)且(Qie)不(Bu)可(Ke)避(Bi)免(Mian)地(Di)代(Dai)表(Biao)了(Liao)用(Yong)户(Hu)设(She)备(Bei)的(De)质(Zhi)量(Liang)。(?)在(Zai)这(Zhe)种(Zhong)情(Qing)况(Kuang)下(Xia),(?)天(Tian)线(Xian)外(Wai)壳(Ke)的(De)坚(Jian)固(Gu)性(Xing)和(He)外(Wai)观(Guan)也(Ye)可(Ke)以(Yi)是(Shi)保(Bao)持(Chi)最(Zui)终(Zhong)产(Chan)品(Pin)形(Xing)象(Xiang)的(De)标(Biao)准(Zhun)。(?)